TASK N°8

Corporations are the dominant institutions today, emerged in 1742 in the industrial era with the invention of the steam engine by Thomas Newcomen.
Corporations are like a family unit working together to reach a common goal.

Initially there were few associations legally constituted by the State to perform a particular function where their shareholders were responsible.
However, a century ago, corporations were limited in terms of growing and power. The lawyer’s initial step was to show the corporation as a person. Under the law corporations are now immortal; laws legitimize all their actions as long as they seek to maximize profits.

There should be different laws for individuals and corporations, the limits should be set by the State and other entities to ensure the peoples’ safety. The State should respect the rights and duties of the individual and make them different from the laws and rights of corporations. The State should have the power to make these companies accountable.
The problems that currently corporations generate are minimized through agreements, some members of the corporations know the damage they cause, but law enforcement becomes a strategic decision because the profits are higher than the costs, if these costs were more constant and higher it can represent losses for corporations and they would be responsible for their actions.

The directors, employees, shareholders and other company’ members are partly responsible because they must act according to the objective of the organization, some of them act because of necessity but limited by the own corporation. The corporations and their shareholders do not realize they are leaving a legacy of destruction for future generations, as people or individuals they are kind but when they develop the institutional role they are manipulated with the desire to make money.

If the point is to maximize profits and reduce costs to have more money, there should be another way to get the same institution but without damage people, public institutions and industries can act in countercyclical time and they do not seek benefits only they also look the societies welfare, these entities could be an initial choice while we looking for another entity favorable for the society and corporation’s benefit.

References: Achbar Mark, Abbot Jennifer and Bakon Joel.The corporation documentary, 2003

Video Taken form Youtube.com, 2010. Corporations vs The People - Fighting Corporate Rule. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=POY-4YHPUBI

Image, october 2010 (online). Taken from http://wideawareness.wordpress.com/tag/the-corporation/

TASK N°7

IOM is an inter-governmental organization that fights for the people rights but the ones that migrate and works in other countries different to the home country. This organization is been working since 1951 promoting international migration laws, protection and assistance of migrants and gender migration. The organization develops each year many projects to search practical solutions to migration problems in the world.

Currently women migrants are known as autonomous and family supporters. Today, women report almost half of the migrant population globally. Nevertheless, migration policies and regulations in countries of origin and destination have generally not adjusted to this trend.

Even with this problem, many organizations still tend to take men as the standard for its policies, ignoring women’s needs, objectives, and abilities to act independently. Some policies and regulations typically do not consider the roles and relationships between men and women. However, there are some strategies that have been increasingly incorporated into this important issue.

IOM is one of those organizations that is working with and for women migrant’s rights, it is providing training to improve social skills and internationally acceptable standard certification for the women migrant workers.
IOM's approach in some countries has focused on giving support in training government authorities on women and men migratory issues and encouraging states to pay attention to the needs of the people living abroad. For that reason, the IOM has supported the development of multilateral agreements in countries related with this issue in order to help the flow of temporary migrants. Also, it has increased its campaigns to conduct significant researches in the world, the results of which have provided a better characterization and understanding of migratory flows. IOM has directly supported the voluntary repatriation of women and men migrants and has helped them to integrate into their national economies.

References: Video taken from youtube.com (2010), Migrant women.http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AGE5kPgyJpI
International Organization for Migration, 2010 (online). http://www.iom.int/jahia/Jahia/media/feature-stories/featureArticleAF/cache/offonce/lang/en?entryId=10454